鸡大肠杆菌菌苗免疫原性的研究

用不同的时间和温度培养鸡致病性Ｅ．ｃｌｏｉ，４１℃，４８ｈ和３７℃，７２ｈ均可见众多的菌毛，而在４１℃，４８ｈ的条件下，活菌数及菌毛产量均高于３７℃，７２ｈ的。用提取的菌毛、超声波灭活的Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ制成油乳苗免疫鸡，用同型Ｏ５０菌株经后胸气囊攻毒后，免疫鸡无死亡，而氢氧化铝胶菌苗免疫组的死亡率为２０％，未免疫攻毒组死亡率为３３．３％。各免疫组幸存鸡平均病变级数均显著低于未免疫攻毒组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ的菌毛剂量为１２０μｇ／只和８０μｇ／只的油乳苗免疫组，在免疫后用同型Ｏ５０菌株攻击时，保护指数最高；当剂量为６０μｇ／只时，保护指数较高；而用３０μｇ／只的剂量免疫时，免疫无效。雏鸡经含菌毛、不含菌毛的Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ超声波灭活油乳苗和福尔马林灭活油乳苗免疫后用同型Ｏ５０菌株攻毒，含菌毛菌苗的保护指数均高于相应的不含菌毛菌苗的；超声波灭活菌体的油乳苗免疫组幸存鸡平均病变级数低于福尔马林灭活菌体的油乳苗免疫组的；各免疫组与未免疫攻毒组幸存鸡平均病变级数差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

植保四轴飞行器的模糊PID控制

针对当前植保四轴飞行器在作业过程中自身载荷发生改变后的飞行控制性能下降、抵抗环境扰动能力差的问题,该文改进了传统比例积分微分(proportion,integration,differentiation,PID)控制算法,提出了一种模糊PID控制算法。该文通过研究四轴飞行器的姿态解算和飞行原理,设计了以STM32系列的单片机为核心处理器的四轴飞行控制系统。采用AHRS模块实时解算飞行器姿态参数,结合模糊控制和PID控制算法调节电机的输出量来控制飞行姿态。试验结果表明:与传统PID相比,模糊自整定PID控制算法适应性强,参数整定简单,系统的动态响应能力和稳定性获得了提高,实现了四轴飞行器的稳定飞行。该文为植保无人机控制算法研究提供了一定的参考。     

苗盘钵苗自动识别及控制装置的设计与试验

针对全自动移栽机在田间作业中,因苗盘的钵苗格缺苗而导致的漏栽问题,研制了一种苗盘钵苗自动识别及控制试验装置。该试验装置采用单苗爪取苗,步进电机驱动钵苗盘纵向和横向移动,光电传感器作为钵苗识别装置,由可编程逻辑控制器(programmable logic controller,PLC)为控制核心,触摸屏作为人机界面,可适应不同规格的苗盘参数,可选择对该装置进行手动或自动控制。试验结果表明,该装置可有效地对钵苗格是否缺苗进行自动识别,并控制苗盘输送装置,使缺苗的钵苗格快速跳过取苗爪,提高取苗爪的抓取效率,以降低漏栽率;相对于没有采用钵苗自动识别的移栽模式,该系统漏栽率整体降低了约12%。该研究可为全自动移栽机的进一步自动化智能化设计提供参考。     

超声波提取梵净山石斛多糖工艺的优化

优化超声波提取梵净山石斛(Dendrobium fanjingshanense)多糖的最佳工艺条件,可为梵净山石斛多糖的开发应用提供参考。以梵净山石斛为原料,考察料液比(g∶m L)、提取温度、提取时间对梵净山石斛多糖提取率的影响,并采用正交试验对梵净山石斛多糖提取工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,各因素对梵净山石斛多糖提取率的影响顺序为料液比提取时间提取温度。最佳提取工艺为料液比为1∶35,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为40 min。在最佳工艺条件下,超声波对梵净山石斛多糖的提取率为9.83%。     

响应面法对超声波提取藤茶二氢杨梅素工艺的优化

通过响应面分析法对超声波提取梵净山野生藤茶(Ampelopsis grossedentata)二氢杨酶素的工艺条件进行优化。以乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间为影响因素,在单因素试验的基础上,采用3因素3水平响应面分析法,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理,以二氢杨酶素提取率为响应值,进行响应面分析,优化超声提取梵净山野生藤茶中二氢杨梅素的条件。结果表明,超声波提取藤茶中二氢杨梅素最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数51.00%、料液比1∶26.00(g∶m L)、超声波时间40.00 min,在此条件下二氢杨梅素的提取率为28.41%,回归模型预测的二氢杨梅素提取率为28.61%,经验证RSD为1.16%,拟合度较好,说明响应面法优化超声提取藤茶二氢杨梅素的工艺条件稳定可行。     

基于混沌的超声物位检测系统的研究

物位检测技术在现代化工业控制中占有重要地位。由于现场具体的安装环境不同,被测介质种类和状态不同,情况异常复杂,因此必须根据具体的现场工况,合理地选择物位检测的方法和产品。为此,提出了一种基于混沌理论的超声波物位检测系统,并论述了信号处理方法,从而能准确识别噪声干扰与超声波回波信号,提高了物位检测精度。     

用多超声波传感器实现障碍物判别系统-以数字农业研究平台车为例

为了解决数字农业平台车的障碍物判别问题,提出了一种基于多个超声波传感器的判别系统。同时,探讨了使用计算机通过数据采集卡控制多个超声波传感器进行探测,传输数据到计算机,进行数据处理的障碍物判别方法。所设计的多超声波传感器系统已成功地应用于数字农业研究平台车的实验研究中。     

COMPARATIVE ORGAN IMAGING: THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Diagnostic radiology of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, mesentery, and pancreas is reviewed. Survey and contrast radiography remain the principal imaging methods used to evaluate gastrointestinal diseases in animals. Of the other imaging techniques, scintigraphy has potential in assessment of esophageal and gastric motility disorders, and detection of intestinal hemorrhage. Ultrasonography is useful for imaging the pancreas and gastrointestinal mass lesions.     

THE FIRST TWENTY-ONE YEARS OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND

The veterinary literature of 1966–1986 was searched for articles and books related to the use of diagnostic ultrasound in animals. There were 492 references, categorized as follows: general, 30; small animal applications, 169; large animal applications, 248; blood pressure measurement, 23; ultrasound-guided biopsy, 4; miscellaneous, 18.     

Bursting tension of medium and large canine arteries sealed with ultrasonic energy or suture ligation

OBJECTIVE: To compare bursting tension of arteries > or =3 mm in diameter sealed with ultrasonic energy (UE) with arteries ligated with suture. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental, nested factorial design. SAMPLE POPULATION: Vascular segments from canine cadavers. METHODS: Arterial segments (12) were collected from each of 16 canine cadavers and equally divided into 2 groups based on vessel diameter (medium, 3.0- < 4.5 mm; large, 4.5 - < or =6.0 mm). Arterial specimens (3) from each group were sealed with either UE (Harmonic Scalpel, HS, power level 3) or suture ligation. The mean bursting pressure and tension were determined and compared. RESULTS: Bursting tension was significantly higher (P< .0001) for sutured arteries than UE-occluded arteries, irrespective of size. Bursting tension was significantly higher (P=.0013) for medium than large UE-occluded arteries, whereas there was no difference associated with size for ligated arteries. UE energy failed to seal 1 medium artery and 7 large arteries. Compared with normal blood pressure, bursting pressures were 3.5 times greater for sutured arteries irrespective of size, 1.8 times greater for medium UE-occluded arteries, and approached normal blood pressure for large UE-occluded arteries. CONCLUSION: At the power level tested, UE should not be used to seal arteries > 4.5 mm in diameter. Suture provided an optimal seal for arteries < or =6.0 mm in diameter. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of UE to occlude arteries during laparoscopic surgery is advantageous because only 1 instrument is required to simultaneously cut and coagulate tissue, but care should be exercised where large arteries might be encountered.